The Toshigoi and Tsukinami Norito

The tenth-century Engishiki includes the texts of several norito, formal Shinto prayers. This book provides a transcription, translation, and commentary on one of the longest norito, that for the Toshigoi Matsuri, which was also used with a few changes for the Tsukinami Matsuri. This norito probably dates back to the seventh century, and offers a lot of hints about early Shinto practice. Today, elements from this and other norito in the Engishiki are used when creating new norito.

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